Ballet Term
Épaulment
Épaulment is a term in ballet that describes where a ballet dancer’s shoulders are in relation to the lower half of the body.
Épaulement is the way a dancer uses the shoulders, head, and upper body in relation to the legs and hips. The word comes from épaule, meaning shoulder. Épaulement is what turns a correct but plain position into an expressive, three dimensional one. It is the difference between a photograph of a step and a step that looks alive.
How it works
Instead of facing straight forward with square shoulders, the dancer gently turns the upper body and inclines the head, so one shoulder comes slightly forward and the face is presented at an angle. Two common uses are croisé, where the legs look crossed from the audience, and effacé, where the body opens away. The head follows the épaulement, giving the position warmth and direction.
Why it matters
Épaulement is a big part of what makes classical dancing look polished and personal. Methods like Cecchetti and Vaganova teach it carefully because it shapes the whole upper body line and connects the dancer to the audience. Without it, even correct steps can look stiff.
Tips for beginners
Start by noticing where your head and eyes go, not just your feet. Let the shoulders stay down and relaxed as you turn the upper body slightly. Practice croisé and effacé slowly so the épaulement feels natural, then carry that same awareness into every step you dance.
Good to know
Frequently Asked Questions
What does épaulement mean in ballet?
It refers to the placement and use of the shoulders, head, and upper body in relation to the lower body, giving positions a three dimensional, expressive look.
What are croisé and effacé?
They are two common uses of épaulement, croisé showing the legs crossed to the audience and effacé opening the body away, each with the head and shoulders angled to match.